Everything You Need to Know about IUDs
written by Marybeth Wilson, FNP, women’s health, Canyon Medical Group
What is an IUD?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped form of birth control placed inside the uterus. It is more than 99% effective, long-acting, and reversible at any time. IUDs are safe for most people but are not recommended for those who are pregnant, have an active pelvic infection, certain uterine or cervical cancers, or unexplained vaginal bleeding that has not been evaluated. There are two primary types of IUDs; hormonal and non-hormonal.
Hormonal IUDs
Release a small amount of progestin, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and may suppress ovulation.
Skyla (3 years), Kyleena (5 years), Mirena & Liletta (up to 8 years)
Periods often become lighter, shorter, or may stop
Non-hormonal (Copper) IUD
Paragard contains no hormones and works by creating an environment that is toxic to sperm.
Effective up to 10 years
Periods may be heavier or more crampy, especially at first
Not recommended for those with copper allergy or heavy baseline periods
Both types of IUDs can be removed at any time and the natural cycles should return quickly.
Common Side Effects and Dispelling Myths:
Benefits
Over 99% effective
“Set it and forget it” contraception
Covered by most insurance plans
Hormonal IUDs may reduce heavy bleeding and menstrual cramps
Risks (rare)
Expulsion (IUD slipping out)
Perforation (very rare injury to the uterus during insertion)
Infection
If pregnancy occurs, higher likelihood of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy
Common Side Effects
Hormonal IUDs: irregular bleeding or missed periods
Copper IUD: heavier bleeding and cramping
Temporary cramping after insertion
Less common: headaches, breast tenderness, mood changes
Common Myths
“IUDs cause weight gain” → False. Large studies show no significant weight gain.
“IUDs cause infertility” → False. Fertility returns quickly after removal.
“You must have had a baby” → False. IUDs are safe for those who have never been pregnant.
“Insertion pain is horrible” → False. There are options for managing pain.
What to Expect with Insertion
IUD insertion can be uncomfortable or painful for some patients, and understanding why can help set expectations. During the procedure, the cervix (the opening to the uterus) must be gently opened, and the IUD is placed inside the uterus. This process can trigger cramping because the uterus is a muscular organ that responds to being stretched or touched. People who have never been pregnant or who have a smaller or tighter cervical opening may experience more discomfort, but pain levels vary widely from person to person.
Pain can be managed. Options include:
Taking ibuprofen or naproxen before your visit
Local anesthetic (numbing medication around the cervix)
Using a smaller IUD when appropriate
Consider a cervical softening agent in some cases
Relaxation techniques or having a support person present
The most important step is discussing a plan with your provider ahead of time so the experience is as comfortable as possible.
Questions?
We’re here to help. Call our office at 435-750-5599 or schedule a visit to talk through your options and find what works best for you. Every woman deserves clear, informed, and respectful care when making decisions about her health.